One of the most extraordinary things connected with Applied Science is the method by which the Navigator is enabled to find the exact spot of sea on which his ship rides. There may be nothing but water and sky within his view; he may be in the midst of the ocean, or gradually nearing the land; the curvature of the globe baffles the search of his telescope; but if he have a correct chronometer, and can make an astronomical observation, he may readily ascertain his longitude, and know his approximate position—how far he is from home, as well as from his intended destination. He is even enabled, at some special place, to send down his grappling-irons into the sea, and pick up an electrical cable for examination and repair.

This is the result of a knowledge of Practical Astronomy. “Place an astronomer,” says Mr. Newcomb, “on board a ship; blindfold him; carry him by any route to any ocean on the globe, whether under the tropics or in one of the frigid zones; land him on the wildest rock that can be found; remove his bandage, and give him a chronometer regulated to Greenwich or Washington time, a transit instrument with the proper appliances, and the necessary books and tables, and in a single clear night he can tell his position within a hundred yards by observations of the stars. This, from a utilitarian point of view, is one of the most important operations of Practical Astronomy.”

. It may be finally said of John Harrison, that by his invention of the chronometer—the ever-sleepless and ever-trusty friend of the mariner—he conferred an incalculable benefit on science and navigation, and established his claim to be regarded as one of the greatest benefactors of mankind.

Our Western Forests are in Danger But They Can be Fixed if We Act Now

To Micheal Wilson, the Western Forests are in Danger.  It is not just the Western Forests that are in Danger.  Virtually every forest around the world have become an endangered specie because of various man’s activities on them.

I think the world needs more Micheal Wilsons if the current status of its ailing environment in its totality will be salvaged from the aftereffect of man’s activities.

Michael Wilson has been managing forest land in Southern Oregon and Northern California for over 15 years and in an effort to salvage the western forest, he wrote the article below.

Restoration forestry is the process of restoring forests to a more natural condition. Most of the forests in the Western United States have been altered to an unnatural condition by over a century of fire suppression and past timber harvest practices. The current condition of our forests leaves them vulnerable to disease and catastrophic fires. Many people believe that we need to lock up the forests to protect them from human activity. The problem with that idea is that this does not allow us to fix the problem and it leaves them in an endangered condition. Even though past forest harvest practices have contributed to the problem, responsibly harvesting forest products can also be a viable tool to restore our forests

Forest fires are a natural part of the forest ecosystem. Before the arrival of Europeans fires were started naturally by lightning. Native Americans would also start fires to improve hunting. Our western forests are naturally dominated by conifers which have thick bark that provides insulation that protects them from fire. In the past fires would periodically be ignited and creep along the forest floor. These periodic fires would benefit the forest by cleaning up the forest floor and burning much of the underbrush and small trees that would compete with the larger trees for water and nutrients. After a fire the large trees with their foliage held high above and out of reach of the flames were left widely spaced where they had plenty of room to grow in the nutrient rich layer of ash left by the fire. Out of this ash will sprout grasses and forbs that provide food for wildlife.

With the arrival of Europeans the Native Americans were displaced and they were no longer a source of igniting fires. Then early in the last Century we started putting out lightning fires. Without fires brush and small trees were able to grow and compete with the larger trees. Early in the last Century early explorers were able to ride their horses through our forests but now after a century of fire suppression the forests have grown so thick that it can now be difficult to walk through them. With so many trees competing for limited nutrients and water they are not as healthy and don’t grow as fast or as large. The competition makes the larger trees less disease resistant less able to tolerate drought causing millions of trees to die every year from bark beetle infestations.

An even bigger problem comes now when a forest fire is ignited either by humans or lightning. The fuel load in the forests has become so high with all the thick trees and brush that now when there is a fire it will often burn at such a high intensity that it will incinerate the whole forest. Instead of having light fires that clean up the forest like they once did the thick trees and brush now act like a ladder and carry the flames high into the forest canopy where it kills everything including the big trees. These fires can be so intense that they sometimes bake the forest soil which can leave them impervious to water so precipitation just runs off causing erosion landslides and flooding. This baked soil can also make it more difficult to regenerate a new forest.

Some environmental groups advocate leaving the forests alone to let them burn because fire is a natural part of the forests. The problem with that idea is the forests are out of equilibrium and letting them burn often destroys them. Before we can allow fires to burn in a natural way the excess fuel load must be reduced. In many cases the most economically viable way of doing this is through commercial thinning where the excess trees are removed and utilized for wood products. In this way the sale of the wood products can help cover the enormous cost of restoring the forests. The excess conifers can be utilized to make products like lumber and poles. The hardwoods can be used to make excellent firewood.

Restoring our forests is an area where environmentalists and the forest products industry can work together to solve a problem. We can restore our forests while supplying our communities with jobs and forest products.

Please you can help salvage the tropical rain forest around your area.

We the vast destruction that have being done by man’s activity in the amazon forest, can the forest be salvaged?  I ask this question in response to an appeal from Diego kasper to help them save the Amazon Rain Forest.

According to Diego,

Our project is about the Reforestation of degradated lands of the AMAZON RAIN FOREST! We intend to implement hundreds of Trees Nurseries spread all over the Amazon regions. Each Nursery will be controlled by local low income family. This way our intention is to withdraw as many people from the deforestation business as possible, by giving a sustainable income with our project. They will harvest the seeds in the jungle, generate and care for trees until they are grown and strong enough to be transplanted. Transplantation will be done by another team, we target to get those companies or individuals that today are dedicated to the deforestation business, so they know the areas that are in need to reforestation and with this new activity they will have sustainable income so there will be less people on the deforestation business and more on the Reforestation program. Our idea is to make a good living for a lot of people in the Amazon Rain Forest. People that today’s businesses or income depends on the deforestation, we want to bring as many people as possible into our project.

Our target for income is to have millions of members that with their internet activity will generate resources for the program. Our web page is the main source of income. Once we have millions of access we can make good business with our publicity space. Also we encourage and welcome all donations. Your surfing time in our webpage, the visits and kliks done in our sponsor banners and adds will also bring good income to our project. We will keep looking for income program alternatives so that our members activities on the internet may bring solid and sustainable income for the project.

The big question is

How Possible is this ? Can the Amazon Rain Forest be salvaged after so many years of destruction by man?

Christmas Bell

A CHRISTMAS CAROL

“Christmas Then and Now“

The Stars look down
On David’s town,
While angels sing in Winter night;
The Shepherds pray,
And far away
The Wise Men follow guiding light.
Little Christ Child
By Mary Mild
In Manger lies without the Inn;
Of Man the Son,
Yet God in One,
To save the lost in World of Sin.
Still stars look down
On David’s town
And still the Christ Child dwells with men,
What thought give we
To such as He,
Or souls who live in Sin as then?
Show we our love
To Him above
By offering others’ grief to share;
And Christmas cheer
For all the year
Bestow to lighten pain and care.

You may also like to read xmas messages for friends

WOUNDS AND MECHANICAL INJURIES

Wound

A wound may be defined as a ‘breach of continuity in the structures of the body, whether external or internal, suddenly occasioned by mechanical violence.’ The law does not define ‘a wound,’ but the true skin must be broken. Wounds are dangerous from shock, hæmorrhage, from the supervention of crysipelas or pyæmia, and from malum regimen on the part of the patient or surgeon. Is the wound dangerous to life? This question can only be answered by a full consideration of all the circumstances of the case; a guarded prognosis is wise in all cases.

Burns are caused by flames, highly heated solids, or very cold solids, as solid carbonic acid; scalds, by steam or hot fluids. Burns may cause death from shock, suffocation, œdema glottidis, inflammation of serous surfaces, bronchitis, pneumonia, duodenal ulcer, coma, or exhaustion. A burn of the skin inflicted during life is followed by a bleb containing serum; the edges of this blister are bright red, and the base, seen after removing the cuticle, is red and inflamed; if sustained after death, a bleb, if present, contains but little fluid, and there are no signs of vital reaction. There are six degrees of burns: (1) Superficial inflammation; (2) formation of vesicles; (3) destruction of superficial layer of skin; (4) destruction of cellular tissue; (5) deep parts charred; (6) carbonization of bones.

The larger the area of skin burnt, the more grave is the prognosis. Burns of the abdomen and genital organs are especially dangerous. Young children are specially liable to die after burns.

Top 50 Tagalog Poems

1     Tagalog Poem : Ang Magandang Parol
2     Pasko Na! (Christmas Already!)
3     Tagalog Poem : Ang Lola (The Grandmother)
4     Ang Kaibigang Tunay (True Friend)
5     Sa Tabi ng Dagat (By the Sea)
6     Poem: Kay Ama (To Father)
7     Singsing ng Pag-ibig (Ring of Love)
8     HULING PAALAM ni Rizal
9     Ang Mga Labi Mo (Your Lips)
10     Tagalog Poem: Ang Abaniko Mo
11     Itanong Mo Sa Bituin (Ask the Stars)
12     Tagalog Poem: Gubat (Forest)
13     Tagalog Poem: Ang Tren (The Train)
14     Tagalog Poem: Pag-ibig (Love)
15     Tagalog Poem: Watawat ng Pilipinas
16     Tagalog Poem: Noo’y Isang Hapon…
17     MAIKLING Tagalog Poem: Tinding…
18     Tagalog Poem: Bituin at Panganorin
19     Tagalog Poem : Awa sa Pag-ibig
20     Ang Batang Palaboy na Nilasing ng Mga Sanggano
21     ANG AKING HULING PAALAM
22     Dahong Lugas ng ‘Florante at Laura’
23     Tagalog Poem: Larawan ng Isang Ulila
24     Tagalog Poem: Kung Mamili ang Dalaga
25     Tagalog Poem : Ang Matampuhin (The Sulker)
26     Mga Tayutay (Figures of Speech)
27     Tagalog Poem: Isang Dipang Langit
28     Tagalog Poem: Tao ni V.C. Suarez
29     Tagalog Poem: Bugtong ni Iñigo Ed. Regalado
30     Dahil Sa Pag-ibig (Because of Love)
31     Tagalog PoemNG PASALAYSAY: Ang Pagbabalik
32     Sa Aking Mga Kababata (Jose Rizal)
33     Guro, Nasa Langit Ang Iyong Paraiso
34     May Mga Tugtuging Hindi Ko Malimot
35     Tagalog Poem: Ang Bantayog (The Monument)
36     Ang Mga Pisngi Mo (Your Cheeks)
37     Tagalog Poem: Ang Reyna Elena (Queen Helena)
38     Poetry Terms in Tagalog
39     Maikling Tagalog Poem: Saksi (Witness)
40     Tagalog Poem: Unang Damdamin
41     Tagalog Poem: Daglian…
42     Tagalog Poem: Lihim ng mga Titig
43     Tagalog Poem: Ang “Valentine” Ko
44     Tagalog Translation of The Poet
45     Maikling Tagalog Poem: Kundiman
46     Tagalog Poem: O Kabinataang Bagong Sumisibol
47     Pag-ibig ng Ina (Love of a Mother)
48     Short Poem: Your Eyes
49     Tagalog Poem : Kay Inay (To Mom)
50     Ang Aking Ina (My Mother)

Read more tagalog poems

PREGNANCY

Pregnancy

The signs of the existence of pregnancy are of two kinds, uncertain and certain, or maternal and fœtal. Amongst the former class are included—Cessation of menstruation (which may occur without pregnancy); morning vomiting; salivation; enlargement of the breasts and of the abdomen; quickening. It must be borne in mind that every woman with a big abdomen is not necessarily pregnant. The tests which afford conclusive evidence of the existence of a fœtus in the uterus are—Ballottement, the uterine souffle, intermittent uterine contractions, fœtal movements, and, above all, the pulsation of the fœtal heart. The uterine souffle is synchronous with the maternal pulse; the fœtal heart is not, being about 120 beats per minute.

Evidence of pregnancy may also be afforded by the discharge from the uterus of an early ovum, of moles, hydatids, etc. Disease of the uterus and ovarian dropsy may be mistaken for pregnancy. Careful examination is necessary to determine the nature of the condition present. Pregnancy may be pleaded in bar of immediate capital punishment, in which case the woman must be shown to be ‘quick with child.’ A woman may also plead pregnancy to delay her trial in Scotland, and both in England and Scotland, in civil cases, to produce a successor to estates, to increase damages for seduction, in compensation cases where a husband has been killed, to obtain increased damages, etc. A woman may become pregnant within a month of her last delivery.

In cases of rape and suspected pregnancy, it must be borne in mind that a medical man who examines a woman under any circumstances against her will renders himself liable to heavy damages, and that the law will not support him in so doing. If, on being requested to permit an examination, the woman refuse, such refusal may go against her, but of this she is the best judge. The duty of the medical man ends on making the suggestion.

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Christmas Gifts for Mom Silk Shawl Size

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Get Your Own Evening Shawls and Wraps Silk in Paisley Jacquard Weaving 44 x 72 inches (bssl022)

The Omron HJ-112 Pocket Pedometer is an advanced, high-tech pedometer that–thanks to unique dual

Omron HJ-112 Digital Pocket Pedometer

sensor technology–can be carried in your pocket or bag. Now you can just drop your pedometer in your purse to find out how much exercise you get in a typical day of work, errands, and other tasks. Of course, you can also attach it to your belt like a traditional pedometer.

The HJ-112 accurately measures your steps, as well as aerobic steps and minutes. You can also use it to measure calories burned during your workout, as well as the distance you’ve traveled.

The device’s large, easy-to-read LCD display can separately display aerobic steps and minutes walked more than 10 minutes continuously, so you always have the information you need right in front of you. Meanwhile, a seven day history lets you review a full week of exercise. The device also resets at midnight automatically so it’s ready to go every morning. Of course, the device can also function as a handy and highly accurate clock. It also comes with a detachable belt holder and security strap so it’s always close at hand.

The HJ-112 is powered by a replaceable lithium battery (CR2032) that will last six months when used for walking 10,000 steps a day. The device measures approximately 2.8 x 2.1 x .6 inches (H x W x D) and weighs 1.1 ounces (not including battery).

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